Influence Friction Stir Processed Parameters of Magnesium Alloy with the Reinforcement of Nano-TiO2

Pankaj Sonia; Vijay Verma; Anup Kumar; Sham H. Mankar; Ravindra Kumar; Amit Gaurav

doi:10.5750/ijme.v168iA3(S).1964

Published: Oct 7, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5750/ijme.v168iA3(S).1964

Keywords:

Friction Stir Processing (FSP) Metal matrix composite Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD) Recrystallization Grain refinement Heat-Affected Zone

Pankaj Sonia

Department of Mechanical Engineering, GLA University, Mathura-281406, India

Vijay Verma

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bundelkhand Institute of Engineering and Technology Jhansi-284128, India

Anup Kumar

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Arka Jain University, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand-832108, India

Sham H. Mankar

Department of Mechanical Engineering, PCETs, Pimpri Chinchwad College of Engineering and Research, Ravet, Pune-412101, India

Ravindra Kumar

Department of Chemical Engineering, Bundelkhand Institute of Engineering and Technology Jhansi-284128, India

Amit Gaurav

School of Engineering and Technology, Noida International University, Greater Noida-201310, India

Abstract

Friction Stir Processing (FSP) is a solid-state material modification technique characterized by severe plastic deformation (SPD) and localized heat generation due to friction. This process is highly effective in refining the grain structure of metals, alloys and structural treatment of weldment specially in marine application and ship building through thermomechanical stirring. In this study, AZ31 magnesium alloy was processed to develop AZ31 + TiO₂ composite using groove-filling method. The influence of nano-TiO₂ filler and process parameters was systematically analyzed. Spindle speeds of 1050, 1550, and 2250 RPM were selected, along with processing passes of one, two, and three. Microstructural analysis was performed using optical and scanning electron microscopy. The results revealed that the most significant grain refinement occurred in the stir zone, while the least refinement was observed in the heat-affected zone. Importantly, the grain refinement of specimens with filler was markedly more significant compared to specimens processed without filler.

Issue

Vol. 168 No. A3(S) (2026): Special Issue - Smart and Sustainable Material for Marine Engineering Applications

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