Influence of Volumetric Energy Density on Impact Toughness and Microstructural Evolution of LPBF Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

S K Madheshiya; J Mustafa; A P Singh; N K Maurya

doi:10.5750/ijme.v168iA3(S).1970

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Published: Oct 7, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5750/ijme.v168iA3(S).1970

Keywords:

Laser powder bed fusion Ti-6Al-4V Volumetric energy density Impact toughness Microstructure

S K Madheshiya

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SEAS, Bennett University (The Times Group), Greater Noida (UP), India

J Mustafa

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SEAS, Bennett University (The Times Group), Greater Noida (UP), India

A P Singh

Mechanical Engineering Department, Ajay Kumar Garg Engineering College, Ghaziabad, India

N K Maurya

Department of Mechanical Engineering, GL Bajaj Institute of Technology and Management, Greater Noida (UP), India

Abstract

In this paper, the impact of VED on the impact toughness and microstructure of LPBF-manufactured Ti-6Al-4V alloy
is presented. Standard ISO V-notched Charpy impact specimens are designed, produced, and evaluated. Six different
parameter sets were chosen by varying the laser power from 270 to 370 W and scan speed from 1100 to 1300 mm/s,
while maintaining a constant layer thickness of 0.03 mm and hatch distance of 0.12 mm, thus varying VED from 57.69 to 93.43 J/mm³. The experimental results show a non-linear relationship between VED and impact strength, with the highest absorbed energy at intermediate VED of 74 J/mm³. Too low VED caused inadequate fusion and reduced toughness, while high VED caused grain growth and possibly the formation of defects, thus reducing impact properties. Microstructural examination showed a transition from fine acicular martensitic α′ to coarser α+β microstructures with increasing energy density.

Issue

Vol. 168 No. A3(S) (2026): Special Issue - Smart and Sustainable Material for Marine Engineering Applications

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