Effect of Bio-Ceramic Reinforcements on Hardness and Machining Behavior of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Composites Fabricated Through Stir Casting Route

Doli Rani; N Yuvaraj; Vipin

doi:10.5750/ijme.v168iA4(S).1909

PDF (GBP 29.99)

Published: Oct 10, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5750/ijme.v168iA4(S).1909

Keywords:

AA7075 , AI Sea shell Aluminum composite Stir casting

Doli Rani

ABES Institute of Technology, Ghaziabad, 201009, UP, India, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Delhi Technological University, India

N Yuvaraj

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Delhi Technological University, India

Vipin

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Delhi Technological University, India

Abstract

In recent years, the addition of rare earth elements, oxides, and natural reinforcements to an Aluminum matrix has enabled the development of composites for various industries, due to their exceptional mechanical properties. In this paper, various percentages of yttrium oxide and sea shell reinforcement are added to the AA7075 matrix to fabricate Bio-Ceramic-based composites using the stir-casting technique. The microstructural properties of the fabricated samples were studied using optical and scanning electron microscopy. The microstructure demonstrates that incorporating reinforcement adequately crushes the grain growth and reduces the grain size distribution. The cast samples were machined using a CNC machine. The micro-hardness of cast samples and the surface roughness of the machined cast samples were investigated. The ceramic and natural particles are uniformly dispersed, imparting a fine-grained microstructure in the matrix and substantially improving mechanical performance compared to the base metal. The results indicate that the bio-ceramic particle-based composites have higher hardness and lower surface roughness than the base Al cast alloy. The existence of reinforcements in the composite improves the hardness and resistance to plastic deformation. During solidification, sea shell acts as a nucleation site, due to which the grains are fine. The yttrium oxide has a higher melting point than that of aluminum alloy. The strong interfacial bonding between Y₂O₃ and Aluminum stabilizes the microstructure and reduces the risk of softening.

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Vol. 168 No. A4(S) (2026): Special Issue: International Conference of Advance Research and Innovation

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