Investigation of Sustainable Carbon Basalt Hybrid Laminates for High-Performance Marine Structural Components

Nilesh D. Sadaphal; Pankaj Tripathi; Swamynathan S M; Gaganjot Kau; Ganesh Korwar

doi:10.5750/ijme.v168iA3(S).1975

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Published: Oct 7, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5750/ijme.v168iA3(S).1975

Keywords:

Carbon–basalt hybrid laminates Sustainable composite RTM SEM

Nilesh D. Sadaphal

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sanjivani College of Engineering, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Kopargaon, 423603, Ahilyanagar, Maharashtra, India

Pankaj Tripathi

Department of Physics, Sharda University, knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, India

Swamynathan S M

Karpagam College of Engineering, Coimbatore, 641032, India

Gaganjot Kau

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India

Ganesh Korwar

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune, Maharashtra, 411037, India

Abstract

Lightweight, durable, and eco-friendly hybrid fiber composites were developed for marine applications by fabricating
carbon–basalt laminates through the Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) process and evaluating their mechanical performance and marine durability. Five laminate configurations, including carbon fiber (C100), basalt fiber (B100), and hybrid laminates (CB-75, CB-50, CB-25) were designed to optimize the combination of carbon fiber stiffness and basalt fiber toughness. The fabricated laminates were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Interlaminar Shear Strength (ILSS) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) to evaluate microstructural features. Mechanical performance was tested by means of tensile, shear strength tests, and marine durability by immersion in seawater, water absorption and salt spray. CB-50 performed best when compared with single-fiber laminates, and achieved 985.6 MPa of tensile strength. The resulting hybrid laminate has considerable potential for sustainable marine structure, such as boat hulls and marine panels.

Issue

Vol. 168 No. A3(S) (2026): Special Issue - Smart and Sustainable Material for Marine Engineering Applications

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