Optimization and Simulation-Based PCM-Enhanced Cabin Panels and Duct Modules for Shipboard Thermal Management

Abstract

This study presents an ANSYS-based workflow for the design and optimization of bio-based phase change material BBPCM cabin panels and duct modules for shipboard HVAC thermal management. This work developed a beeswax–eggshell–rGO composite PCM and tested it using DSC, FTIR, TGA/DTG, and SEM, demonstrating improved thermal stability and enhanced conductivity. The composite material exhibits a temperature degradation threshold of 335 °C, which exceeded the 280 °C threshold of pure beeswax, while its remaining mass increased from 3% to 32%. The enthalpy porosity method in transient Fluent simulation demonstrated that the BBPCM-enhanced cabin panel reduced the peak cabin-side surface temperature from 34.8 °C to 26.1 °C while extending the heat transfer time by approximately 4.5 hours. The duct module design with narrower channels provided better cooling performance, yet increased pressure drop from 290 Pa at 12 mm/g to 860-870 Pa at 3mm/g. The optimized configuration achieved a 7-8 °C reduction in temperature at peak operating conditions, indicating its ability to reduce ship HVAC peak load and maintain stable thermal conditions.