Thermo-Exergetic Optimal Performance of a Flat-Plate Spiral Solar Collector Using a Cuo–Mwcnt–Graphene Hybrid Nanofluid

Pawan Kumar Agrawal; Kuwar Mausam; Deepak Sharma

doi:10.5750/ijme.v168iA4(S).1868

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Published: Oct 10, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5750/ijme.v168iA4(S).1868

Keywords:

Spiral solar collector Solar energy Hybrid nanofluids SWHS, Efficiency

Pawan Kumar Agrawal

Mechanical Engineering Department, GLA University, Mathura 281406, U.P., India

Kuwar Mausam

Mechanical Engineering Department, GLA University, Mathura 281406, U.P., India

Deepak Sharma

Mechanical Engineering Department, GLA University, Mathura 281406, U.P., India. Mechanical Engineering Department, NIT Hamirpur, H.P., India

Abstract

This study provides a detailed thermal and Exergetic analysis of a flat plate spiral solar collector (FPSC) using a hybrid nanofluid made up of CuO, multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), and graphene. The research seeks to tackle the increasing demand for effective renewable energy systems, considering the decline of fossil fuel reserves and rising environmental issues. Experimental investigations show that modified spiral tube designs, along with advanced hybrid nanofluids, lead to notable improvements in collector efficiency, exergy, and entropy reduction when compared to traditional water-based systems. Key parameters including nanofluid concentration, solar radiation intensity, and mass flow rate are optimized systematically, with results demonstrating efficiency improvements of up to 37% in thermal performance and 18.5% in exergy under ideal operating conditions. The results validate the promise of design innovation and hybrid nanofluids in enhancing solar thermal technologies for sustainable energy harvesting applications.

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Vol. 168 No. A4(S) (2026): Special Issue: International Conference of Advance Research and Innovation

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