Investigation of Physical and Dielectric Properties of xLi₂O–(0.45-x)Bi₂O₃–0.15ZnO–0.40P₂O₅ Glasses with Varying Li₂O Content

Abstract

Melt- quenching technique is employed for mixing Glassy samples whose chemical composition xLi₂O–(0.45–x)Bi₂O₃–0.15ZnO–0.40P₂O₅ (x = 0.05, 0.15, 0.25, 0.35). The glassy system’s electrical, dielectric, and physical characteristics are influenced by the varying in lithium oxide (x) concentration. Increasing Li₂O content conduct to decreased average density and molar volume, indicating structural compaction. This is supported by higher oxygen packing density and lower molar volume per oxygen atom. In higher Li₂O content leads to less inter-nuclear fractionation, of lithium ions (RLi), allowing for better ionic conduction. Dielectric studies, based on Bergman’s model, reveal that the dielectric constant and dielectric loss increase with temperature while decreasing with higher frequencies, indicative of thermally activated dipolar relaxation. The charge transport and relaxation mechanisms were further explored using modulus scaling, showing a temperature-independent response. Analysis via the Kohlrausch–Williams–Watts model indicates non-Debye-type relaxation behaviour for charge carriers, underscoring the complex dynamics within the glass matrix. The impedance spectrum demonstrates enhanced conductivity of ions with elevated LiO concentration, which is fueled by effective mobility of charged carriers and decreased large amounts of resistance. The synchronize addition of lithium ions improves both ionic conduction and dielectric behavior. This study highlights the potential of these glassy systems as innovative materials for energy storage applications, with a particular focus on advancing electrode material development.